Table of Contents for A Game of Inches (both volumes)

VOLUME ONE: THE GAME ON THE FIELD

CHAPTER 1: THE THINGS WE TAKE FOR GRANTED

1.1 Clubs
1.2 Rules
1.3 Mass-circulated Rules
1.4 Matches
1.5 Uniforms
1.6 Nine Innings
1.7 Running Counterclockwise
1.8 Overrunning Bases
1.9 Pitchers Trying to Retire Batters
1.10 Balls and Strikes
1.11 Strike Zones
1.12 Umpires
1.13 Judgment Calls
1.14 Nine Players
1.15 Shortstops
1.16 90 Feet
1.17 60’6”
1.18 Diamonds
1.19 Other Dimensions
1.20 Foul Ground
1.21 Out on Fly
1.22 Tagging
1.23 Touching Bases
1.24 Batting Orders
1.25 “Walkoff” Hits
1.26 New Balls
1.27 Catchers Signaling to Pitchers
1.28 Specialization
1.29 Competitiveness
1.30 Low-scoring
1.31 Home Team Last
1.32 Substitutions
1.33 Overhand Pitching

CHAPTER 2: BATTING

(i) Variations on a Theme: Refinements to Approaches, Swings and Stances

2.1.1 Place Hitting
2.1.2 Swings
2.1.3 Follow-throughs
2.1.4 Choking Up
2.1.5 Split Hands
2.1.6 Open Stances
2.1.7 Leg Kicks
2.1.8 Foot in the Bucket
2.1.9 Batting Left-handed
2.1.10 Switch-hitter
2.1.11 Changing Batter’s Boxes
2.1.12 High-low
2.1.13 Peeking

(ii) Less Is More: The Bunt and Other Novel Approaches to Hitting  

2.2.1 Bunts
2.2.2 Fair-fouls
2.2.3 Fake Bunts
2.2.4 Bunting Backward
2.2.5 Baltimore Chop

(iii) And When All Else Fails: Trying to Be a Successful Hitter without Hitting

2.3.1 Waiting Out the Pitcher
2.3.2 Deliberate Fouls
2.3.3 Crouches
2.3.4 Getting Deliberately Hit By Pitches
2.3.5 Deliberate Strikeouts

(iv) Preparation

2.4.1 Muscle Building
2.4.2 Swing Practice
2.4.3 Batting Practice
2.4.4 Swinging Multiple Bats in the On-Deck Circle
2.4.5 Batting Tees
2.4.6 Steroids

CHAPTER 3: PITCHING

(i) Deliveries

3.1.1 Windups
3.1.2 Deception
3.1.3 Crossfire
3.1.4 Submarine
3.1.5 Leg Kicks

(ii) Pitches

3.2.1 Fastball
3.2.2 Change of Pace
3.2.3 Curves
3.2.4 The Curve Family
3.2.5 Sinker
3.2.6 Upshoot or Raise Ball
3.2.7 Spitball
3.2.8 “Dry Spitters”
3.2.9 Forkball
3.2.10 Knuckleball
3.2.11 Knuckle Curve
3.2.12 Screwball
3.2.13 Emery Ball
3.2.14 Doctored Ball Family
3.2.15 Slider
3.2.16 Eephus Pitch
3.2.17 Kimono Ball
3.2.18 Palm Ball
3.2.19 Circle Change
3.2.20 Splitter
3.2.21 Cutter

(iii) Pitching Tactics

3.3.1 Getting Batters to Chase
3.3.2 Brushback Pitching
3.3.3 Keeping the Ball Down
3.3.4 Keeping a Book on Hitters
3.3.5 Reading Batters
3.3.6 Advantage to Pitching Left-Handed
3.3.7 Switch-pitcher
3.3.8 When All Else Fails/Grooving

(iv) Measures of Success

3.4.1 Shutouts
3.4.2 1-0 games
3.4.3 No-hitters
3.4.4 Perfect Games

CHAPTER 4: FIELDING

(i) Choosing How to Fill Positions

4.1.1 Stretches by First Basemen
4.1.2 Left-handers Excluded from Positions
4.1.3 Left-handed Catchers
4.1.4 Left-Handed Outfielders
4.1.5 First Base for Left-Handers
4.1.6 Catcher Size
4.1.7 Outfielders’ Roles

(ii) Positioning of those Fielders

4.2.1 Catchers Playing Close
4.2.2 Catching from a Crouch
4.2.3 Guarding the Lines
4.2.4 Pitchers Covering First
4.2.5 Second Basemen Leaving the Bag
4.2.6 Shortstops Become Responsible for Base Play
4.2.7 Third Base Becomes a Hitter’s Haven
4.2.8 Outfield Placement
4.2.9 Right Fielders Playing Very Shallow
4.2.10 Infield Depth
4.2.11 Moving In During the Pitch
4.2.12 Shifts

(iii) Teamwork

4.3.1 Calling for Fly Balls
4.3.2 Backing Up
4.3.3 Decoys
4.3.4 Reverse Decoys
4.3.5 Cutoff and Relay Plays
4.3.6 Catchers Coaching Pitchers
4.3.7 Wheel Play
4.3.8 Sacrifice Killer
4.3.9 Bunt Defense
4.3.10 Influencing a Foul Ball

(iv) Devising Alternate Methods of Retiring Players

4.4.1 One-handed Catches
4.4.2 Trapped Ball Plays
4.4.3 Catcher’s Trapped Ball
4.4.4 Outfield Trapped Ball
4.4.5 Basket Catches
4.4.6 Catchers Framing Pitches and Working Umpires
4.4.7 Juggling Fly Balls
4.4.8 Deliberate Passed Ball
4.4.9 Bounce Throws
4.4.10 Hidden Ball Trick
4.4.11 Catchers Blocking the Plate
4.4.12 Basemen Blocking a Base
4.4.13 Shortstop to Second Baseman to First Baseman (6-4-3) Double Play
4.4.14 First Baseman to Shortstop to First Baseman (3-6-3) Double Play
4.4.15 Triple Play
4.4.16 Bluff Tags
4.4.17 Scoop Throws
4.4.18 Glove Flips
4.4.19 Glove Throws
4.4.20 Extra Glove

CHAPTER 5: BASE-RUNNING

(i) Stolen Bases  

5.1.1 Stolen Bases
5.1.2 Leadoffs
5.1.3 Delayed Double Steals
5.1.4 Two Bases on Balls
5.1.5 Steals of Home
5.1.6 Triple Steals
5.1.7 Delayed Steals

(ii) Slides  

5.2.1 Slides
5.2.2 Headfirst and Foot-First Slides and Dives
5.2.3 Hook Slides
5.2.4 Stand-Up Slides
5.2.5 Sliding Drills

(iii) Stop, Thief!: Pickoffs, Pitchouts and Other Countermoves by the Defense

5.3.1 Pickoff Moves
5.3.2 Ambidextrous Pickoffs
5.3.3 Pickoffs at Second
5.3.4 See-saw Play
5.3.5 Pickoffs with Second Baseman Covering First
5.3.6 Pickoffs with an Outfielder Covering Second
5.3.7 Fake to Third, Throw to First Pickoffs
5.3.8 Pickoffs by Relay
5.3.9 Pitching from the Stretch
5.3.10 Slide-steps
5.3.11 Pitchouts
5.3.12 Spontaneous Pitchouts
5.3.13 Short Throws

(iv) Plays

5.4.1 Bluff Bunts
5.4.2 Push or Force Bunts
5.4.3 Drag Bunts
5.4.4 Left-Side Hit and Run
5.4.5 Squeeze Play
5.4.6 Double Squeeze Play
5.4.7 Hit and Run
5.4.8 Steal and Slam

(v) Turf Wars

5.5.1 Running into Fielders
5.5.2 Low-Bridging
5.5.3 Nonviolent Ways of Breaking Up a Double Play

(vi) Novelty Plays

5.6.1 Stealing First
5.6.2 Deliberately Not Advancing
5.6.3 Keep On Running
5.6.4 Gag Rundowns
5.6.5 Not Running to First

CHAPTER 6: MANAGERIAL STRATEGIES

(i) Who’s In Charge Here?

6.1.1 Captains
6.1.2 Managers
6.1.3 Hustlers
6.1.4 College of Coaches
6.1.5 Managers Are Hired to Be Fired
6.1.6 Firing the Team
6.1.7 Trading the Manager
6.1.8 Firing during Spring Training

(ii) Substitutions

6.2.1 Insertion of Substitutes
6.2.2 Pitchers Being Required to Face One Batter
6.2.3 Interchanging Pitchers
6.2.4 Double Switches
6.2.5 Pinch Hitters
6.2.6 Courtesy Runners
6.2.7 Pinch Runners
6.2.8 Relief Pitching
6.2.9 Relief Specialists
6.2.10 Closers
6.2.11 Designated Hitters

(iii) Lineups

6.3.1 Submitting Lineups
6.3.2 Batting Orders
6.3.3 Leadoff Batters
6.3.4 Second-place Hitters
6.3.5 Cleanup Hitters
6.3.6 Spacing Left-handed and Right-handed Batters
6.3.7 Shhh!
6.3.8 Out of a Hat
6.3.9 Platooning
6.3.10 Bait and Switch
6.3.11 Lineup Tricks
6.3.12 Hitter to Be Designated Later
6.3.13 Rotations
6.3.14 Weekend Starters
6.3.15 No Starters
6.3.16 Personal Catchers

(iv) Intentional Walks

6.4.1 Intentional Walks
6.4.2 Intentional Walks with the Bases Loaded
6.4.3 Fake Intentional Walks
6.4.4 Lip Passes
6.4.5 Automatic Intentional Walks

(v) Signs

6.5.1 Signs
6.5.2 Sign-Stealing
6.5.3 Shake Offs
6.5.4 Conferences to Go Over Signs
6.5.5 Signs from the Dugout
6.5.6 Peeking
6.5.7 Combination Signs
6.5.8 Reading Pitchers
6.5.9 Cover Your Mouth

(vi) Playing by “The Book”

6.6.1 Playing for One Run
6.6.2 Don’t Put the Winning Run on Base
6.6.3 Never Make the Third Out at Third Base
6.6.4 Don’t Give Him Anything to Hit on 0-2
6.6.5 Taking 3-0 and 3-1

(vii) Miscellaneous Managerial Strategies

6.7.1 Fifth Infielders
6.7.2 Fourth Outfielders
6.7.3 Curfews
6.7.4 Handwriting Analysis
6.7.5 Computers

CHAPTER 7: COACHING

(i) Directing Traffic

7.1.1 Coaches’ Boxes
7.1.2 Coaching Calls
7.1.3 Amplified Coaching
7.1.4 First Base Coaches
7.1.5 It’s A Bird, It’s A Plane … No, It’s Only the Third Base Coach

(ii) Coaching Staffs

7.2.1 Full-time Coaches
7.2.2 Bench Coaches
7.2.3 Pitching Coaches
7.2.4 Hitting Coaches
7.2.5 Strength and Conditioning Coaches
7.2.6 Base-running Coaches

(iii) Teaching Techniques

7.3.1 Charting Pitches
7.3.2 Pitch Limits
7.3.3 Batting Dummy
7.3.4 Visual Aids for Coaching Hitting

CHAPTER EIGHT: UMPIRES

(i) Growth of the Profession

8.1.1 Professionals
8.1.2 Assignments
8.1.3 You’ve Got a Friend
8.1.4 Three-Man Crews
8.1.5 Four-Man Crews
8.1.6 Five-Man Crews
8.1.7 Six-Man Crews
8.1.8 Rotations
8.1.9 Chief of Umpires
8.1.10 Umpire Schools
8.1.11 Unions

(ii) Kill the Ump!

8.2.1 Verbal Abuse
8.2.2 Cotton
8.2.3 Physical Abuse

(iii) The Umpire Strikes Back: Discipline

8.3.1 Fines
8.3.2 Ejections
8.3.3 Limiting Arguments
8.3.4 Clearing the Bench

(iv) Making the Call

8.4.1 Making Up Rules
8.4.2 Positioning
8.4.3 Home Umpire
8.4.4 Appeals on Checked Swings
8.4.5 Tie to the Runner

(v) Communicating

8.5.1 Calling “Play Ball”
8.5.2 Ball and Strike Signals
8.5.3 Embellished Signals
8.5.4 Safe and Out Signals
8.5.5 Wired for Sound

(vi) The Tools of the Trade 

8.6.1 Blue
8.6.2 Masks
8.6.3 Chest Protectors
8.6.4 Headgear
8.6.5 Shin Pads
8.6.6 Foot Protectors
8.6.7 Indicators
8.6.8 Whisk Brooms
8.6.9 Glasses
8.6.10 Lena Blackburne’s Mud

CHAPTER 9: EQUIPMENT

(i) Baseballs

9.1.1 Manufactured Balls
9.1.2 Dimensions
9.1.3 Covers
9.1.4 Cover Design
9.1.5 Insides
9.1.6 Cork-centered Balls
9.1.7 Cushioned-Cork Centers
9.1.8 Rabbit Balls
9.1.9 Colorful Baseballs
9.1.10 Clunk Balls

(ii) Bats

9.2.1 Types of Wood
9.2.2 Dimensions
9.2.3 Weights
9.2.4 Shapes
9.2.5 Soft Bats
9.2.6 Mass-produced Bats
9.2.7 Models
9.2.8 Trademarks
9.2.9 Louisville Sluggers
9.2.10 Burning Bats
9.2.11 Tapers
9.2.12 Bottle Bats
9.2.13 Extra Knob
9.2.14 Cupped Ends
9.2.15 Laminated Bats
9.2.16 Aluminum Bats
9.2.17 Pine Tar

(iii) Gloves

9.3.1 Fielders’ Gloves
9.3.2 Catchers’ Mitts
9.3.3 Snaring Nets
9.3.4 Pitchers Wearing Gloves
9.3.5 Last Gloveless Player
9.3.6 Pockets
9.3.7 Flexible Heels
9.3.8 Finger Holes
9.3.9 Breaking In
9.3.10 Six-Fingered Gloves
9.3.11 Oversized Catchers’ Mitts
9.3.12 Gloves Being Left on the Field

(iv) Protective Equipment

9.4.1 Rubber Mouthpieces
9.4.2 Catchers’ Masks
9.4.3 Billy Goats
9.4.4 Hockey-style Masks
9.4.5 Chest Protectors
9.4.6 Shin Guards
9.4.7 Knee Caps
9.4.8 Knee Savers
9.4.9 Batting Helmets
9.4.10 Earflaps
9.4.11 Batters’ Shin Guards and Shields
9.4.12 Sliding Pads
9.4.13 Sliding Gloves
9.4.14 Jockstraps

(v) Miscellaneous Equipment

9.5.1 Bat Bags
9.5.2 Doughnuts
9.5.3 Batting Gloves
9.5.4 Spikes
9.5.5 Sunglasses
9.5.6 Snap-down Sunglasses
9.5.7 Rosin Bags

CHAPTER 10: UNIFORMS

10.1 Uniformity
10.2 Caps
10.3 Cap Backwards
10.4 Knickerbockers
10.5 Uniform Colors
10.6 Road Uniforms
10.7 Shorts
10.8 Short Sleeves
10.9 Fabrics
10.10 Team Names and Logos on Uniform Fronts
10.11 Sanitary Hose
10.12 Jackets
10.13 Numbers on Uniforms
10.14 Player Names on Uniforms
10.15 Pinstripes
10.16 Patches
10.17 Armbands
10.18 Retired Numbers
10.19 Rally Cap

CHAPTER 11: SKULLDUGGERY

(i) Garden Variety Trickery

11.1.1 Fixed Games
11.1.2 Double Fix
11.1.3 Umpire Implicated in a Fix
11.1.4 Doing It with Mirrors
11.1.5 Skip Play
11.1.6 Electronic Sign-Stealing
11.1.7 Jewelry
11.1.8 Jumping Jacks
11.1.9 Corked Bats
11.1.10 Ejection-Scoffing
11.1.11 Fake Foul Tips
11.1.12 Double Ball Rackets
11.1.13 Hidden Potato Tricks
11.1.14 Chalk Erasing
11.1.15 Obstruction
11.1.16 Who’s on Second (and Third)?

(ii) Gardening Variety Trickery

11.2.1 Unplayable Grounds
11.2.2 Slow Base Paths
11.2.3 Mound-Building
11.2.4 Dimensions
11.2.5 Soaping the Soil

CHAPTER 12: TIMEOUTS

12.1 Calling Time
12.2 Pay Attention!
12.3 Hat Catches
12.4 Broom Makers’ Trots
12.5 The Litmus Test
12.6 Blocked Balls
12.7 Throw Me the Ball
12.8 Team Stalling
12.9 Quick Pitches
12.10 Human Rain Delays
12.11 Commercial Breaks

VOLUME TWO: THE GAME BEHIND THE SCENES

CHAPTER 13: BUILDING A TEAM

(i) Minor Leagues

13.1.1 Minor League
13.1.2 Climbing the Ladder
13.1.3 Drafts
13.1.4 Pick of the Club
13.1.5 Farm Clubs and Farm Systems
13.1.6 Player Development Plan

(ii) Trades and Sales

13.2.1 Sales
13.2.2 Going-out-of-Business Sales, Garage Sales and Shopping Sprees
13.2.3 Trades
13.2.4 Three-way Trades
13.2.5 Players to Be Named Later
13.2.6 Throw-ins
13.2.7 Vetoed Trades

(iii) Roster Restrictions

13.3.1 Roster Sizes
13.3.2 Waivers
13.3.3 Interleague Trading
13.3.4 Trade Deadlines
13.3.5 Gentlemen’s Agreements
13.3.6 Waiver Blocking
13.3.7 Damn Yankees

(iv) Scouting and Player Development

13.4.1 Scouts
13.4.2 Cross-checkers
13.4.3 Central Scouting Bureau
13.4.4 Scouting Other Team’s Rosters
13.4.5 Advance Scouts
13.4.6 Tryout Camps
13.4.7 Baseball Schools
13.4.8 Radar Guns
13.4.9 Baseball Ages

(v) Miscellaneous

13.5.1 Central Pool of Players
13.5.2 Expansion Drafts
13.5.3 Amateur Drafts
13.5.4 Free Agent Reentry Draft
13.5.5 Tampering

CHAPTER 14: BALLPARKS

(i) The Parks

14.1.1 Enclosed Baseball Stadiums
14.1.2 Fireproof Stadiums
14.1.3 Night Games
14.1.4 Twinight Games
14.1.5 Domes

(ii) The Dirt

14.2.1 Level Playing Fields
14.2.2 Ground Rules
14.2.3 Tailoring a Park to a Team or Player
14.2.4 Dragging the Infield
14.2.5 Tarpaulins
14.2.6 Artificial Turf

(iii) The Basics

14.3.1 Bases
14.3.2 Home Plate
14.3.3 Chalk Lines
14.3.4 Warning Tracks and Padded Fences
14.3.5 Batters’ Boxes
14.3.6 Three-foot Line
14.3.7 Pitcher’s Box
14.3.8 Pitching Rubbers
14.3.9 Mounds
14.3.10 Pitcher’s Paths

(iv) The Amenities

14.4.1 On-deck Circles
14.4.2 Hitting Backgrounds
14.4.3 Foul Poles
14.4.4 Screen on the Foul Pole
14.4.5 Backstops
14.4.6 Benches
14.4.7 Dugouts
14.4.8 Bat Racks
14.4.9 Boxes for Balls
14.4.10 Batting Cages
14.4.11 Pitching Machines
14.4.12 Bullpens
14.4.13 Bullpen Phones
14.4.14 Pennants and Bunting Flying
14.4.15 Clubhouses

(v) Items added for spectators 

14.5.1 Turnstiles
14.5.2 Luxury Boxes
14.5.3 Press Boxes
14.5.4 Covered Seating
14.5.5 Reserved Seats (with exact seating specified)
14.5.6 Cheap Seats
14.5.7 Standing Room Accommodations
14.5.8 Folding Chairs
14.5.9 Seat Cushions
14.5.10 Dugout-Level Seating
14.5.11 Upper Deck
14.5.12 Music
14.5.13 Public Address Systems
14.5.14 Scoreboards
14.5.15 Out-of-Town Scoreboards
14.5.16 Electronic Scoreboards
14.5.17 Messages on Scoreboards
14.5.18 Exploding Scoreboards
14.5.19 Computer-Generated Scoreboards
14.5.20 Replays on Scoreboards
14.5.21 Color Replays on Scoreboards
14.5.22 Parking Facilities
14.5.23 Drive-in Ballparks
14.5.24 Amusement Rides
14.5.25 Day Care

CHAPTER 15: FANS

(i) Getting Them in the Door

15.1.1 Season Tickets
15.1.2 Knothole Gangs
15.1.3 Rain Checks

(ii) Root, Root, Root, for the Home Team

15.2.1 Partisanship
15.2.2 Tipping the Cap
15.2.3 Fan Clubs
15.2.4 Booing
15.2.5 Organized Rooting
15.2.6 Curtain Calls
15.2.7 Brooms
15.2.8 Radios at the Ballpark
15.2.9 Helping (or Hindering) Players

(iii) You Can’t Beat Fun at the Old Ball Park

15.3.1 Beer at the Ballpark
15.3.2 Food
15.3.3 Peanuts
15.3.4 Hotdogs
15.3.5 Sushi
15.3.6 Seventh-Inning Stretch
15.3.7 The Wave
15.3.8 Fireworks
15.3.9 Hit/Error Posted on Scoreboard

(iv) Souvenirs

15.4.1 Throwing Balls Back onto the Field
15.4.2 Scorecards/Souvenir Programs
15.4.3 Baseball Cards
15.4.4 Tickets
15.4.5 Autographs
15.4.6 Stamps
15.4.7 Bobbleheads, etcetera
15.4.8 Fantasy Camps

CHAPTER 16: MARKETING AND PROMOTIONS

(i) Planned Days and Events

16.1.1 Schedules
16.1.2 Advertising Campaigns
16.1.3 Public Relations Director
16.1.4 Days
16.1.5 Fan Appreciation Days
16.1.6 Bat Days
16.1.7 Ladies’ Days
16.1.8 Name the Team Contest
16.1.9 Talking to Fans

(ii) Promotional Concepts and Themes

16.2.1 The National Pastime
16.2.2 Code of Conduct
16.2.3 Spite Fences
16.2.4 Doubleheaders
16.2.5 Pennant Races
16.2.6 World Series
16.2.7 Keeping Balls in Stands
16.2.8 All-Star Games

(iii) Mass Media

16.3.1 Newspaper Coverage
16.3.2 Telegraphs
16.3.3 Broadcasts of Baseball
16.3.4 Radio Broadcasts
16.3.5 Television
16.3.6 Sale of Television Rights
16.3.7 Real-time Broadcasts

CHAPTER 17: STATISTICS

17.1 Box Scores
17.2 Line Scores
17.3 Base Hits
17.4 Batting Averages
17.5 Earned Run Averages
17.6 Won-Lost Percentages
17.7 Runs Batted In
17.8 Runs Batted In Opportunities
17.9 Strikeouts
17.10 Walks
17.11 Total Bases Run
17.12 Catcher’s ERA
17.13 Fielding Percentages
17.14 Range Factor
17.15 Sacrifice Hits
17.16 Sacrifice Flies
17.17 Saves
17.18 Stolen Bases
17.19 Caught Stealing
17.20 On-Base Percentages
17.21 Slugging Averages
17.22 Quality Starts
17.23 GWRBI
17.24 Individual Statistics Emphasized
17.25 Career Milestones Emphasized
17.26 Streaks
17.27 Record Bureaus
17.28 Single-Season Records
17.29 Detailed Breakdowns
17.30 Asterisks
17.31 Tape-measure Home Runs
17.32 Simulation Games
17.33 Rotisserie Leagues

CHAPTER 18: MONEY

(i) The Transition from Amateurism to Professionalism

18.1.1 Organization
18.1.2 Admission Fees
18.1.3 Professional Players
18.1.4 First Professional Player to Change Cities
18.1.5 Players Lured West by Money
18.1.6 Revolving
18.1.7 Player Banned for Accepting Money
18.1.8 All-Professional Clubs

(ii) Owners Grab the Reins

18.2.1 Reserve Clause
18.2.2 Blacklists
18.2.3 National Agreement
18.2.4 Territorial Rights

(iii) Players Seek a Bigger Share

18.3.1 Unions
18.3.2 Player Strikes
18.3.3 Player Reps
18.3.4 Pension Fund
18.3.5 Player Agents
18.3.6 Basic Agreement

(iv) Negotiations

18.4.1 Rival Major Leagues
18.4.2 Leverage
18.4.3 Salary Caps
18.4.4 Minimum Salaries
18.4.5 Free Agency
18.4.6 Collusion
18.4.7 Big Market/Small Market Disparities
18.4.8 Holdouts
18.4.9 Joint Holdouts
18.4.10 Arbitration

(v) Contracts

18.5.1 Contracts
18.5.2 Player Threats to Sue over a Contract
18.5.3 Contract Perks
18.5.4 Multi-Year Contracts
18.5.5 Guaranteed Contracts
18.5.6 Pay for Injured Players
18.5.7 Pay for Spring Training
18.5.8 Year-Round Pay
18.5.9 Pay for Performance
18.5.10 Signing Bonuses
18.5.11 Incentive Clauses
18.5.12 Performance Bonuses
18.5.13 No-trade Clauses

(vi) Commercialization

18.6.1 Commercialization
18.6.2 Endorsements
18.6.3 Hit Sign, Win Suit
18.6.4 Publicly Owned Ballpark
18.6.5 Corporate Ownership
18.6.6 Naming Rights

CHAPTER 19: VARIANTS

19.1 Indoor Baseball
19.2 Softball
19.3 Slow Pitch
19.4 Over the Line
19.5 Muffin Baseball
19.6 Baseball on Ice
19.7 Roller Skates
19.8 Freight-Train Baseball
19.9 Punchball
19.10 Stickball
19.11 Water Baseball
19.12 Ten-Man Baseball
19.13 No Man Left Behind
19.14 Wiffle Ball
19.15 Two Swings
19.16 Donkey Baseball
19.17 Old-Fashion

CHAPTER 20: INCLUSION

(i) African-Americans

20.1.1 African-American Clubs
20.1.2 Match between African-American Clubs
20.1.3 Integrated Matches
20.1.4 Integrated Clubs
20.1.5 African-Americans in Collegiate Baseball
20.1.6 African-Americans in Organized Baseball
20.1.7 African-American Major Leaguers
20.1.8 African-American Tours
20.1.9 Color Line
20.1.10 All African-American/Latin Lineup in the White Major Leagues
20.1.11 African-American Managers
20.1.12 African-American Coaches
20.1.13 African-American General Managers
20.1.14 African-American Professional Teams
20.1.15 Leagues of African-American Teams
20.1.16 African-American Umpires
20.1.17 African-American Announcers
20.1.18 African-American Pension Recipients
20.1.19 White in Negro Leagues

(ii) Women

20.2.1 Women Spectators
20.2.2 Women Players
20.2.3 Women in Organized Baseball
20.2.4 Women in Exhibitions Versus Major Leaguers
20.2.5 Women Touring Overseas
20.2.6 Women on Men’s Collegiate Baseball Teams
20.2.7 Women Drafted by the Major Leagues
20.2.8 Women Coaches
20.2.9 League of Women
20.2.10 Women Owners
20.2.11 Women Umpires
20.2.12 Women Sportswriters
20.2.13 Women Broadcasters
20.2.14 Women Public Address Announcers
20.2.15 Women Scouts
20.2.16 Bloomer Girls
20.2.17 African-American Women

(iii) Other Minorities

20.3.1 Jewish Major Leaguers
20.3.2 Hispanic Major Leaguers
20.3.3 Native American Major Leaguers
20.3.4 Japanese Major Leaguers
20.3.5 Deaf Major Leaguers

CHAPTER 21: PARTICIPANTS

21.1 Security Personnel
21.2 Ticket Takers
21.3 Ushers
21.4 Vendors
21.5 Official Scorers
21.6 Batboys
21.7 Groundskeepers
21.8 Batting Practice Pitchers
21.9 Ticket Scalpers
21.10 Trainers
21.11 Team Doctors
21.12 Public Address Announcers
21.13 Clubhouse Attendants
21.14 Commissioners
21.15 Team Psychologists
21.16 Traffic Spotters

CHAPTER 22: COMPETITION

(i) Determining a Champion

22.1.1 Tournaments
22.1.2 Handicaps
22.1.3 Leagues
22.1.4 Schedules
22.1.5 Playing Out the Schedule

(ii) Post-season Championships

22.2.1 World Series
22.2.2 Intramural Playoffs
22.2.3 Neutral Sites
22.2.4 Best-of Series
22.2.5 City Series
22.2.6 Shaughnessy Playoffs

(iii) Bling Bling

22.3.1 Trophies
22.3.2 Individual Awards
22.3.3 Most Valuable Player Awards
22.3.4 World Series Rings
22.3.5 Cash

(iv) Youth

22.4.1 American Legion Baseball
22.4.2 Little League
22.4.3 Little League World Series
22.4.4 Babe Ruth Baseball
22.4.5 PONY Baseball
22.4.6 Travel Teams

(v) Is Competition Necessary at All?

22.5.1 Socialism in Baseball
22.5.2 Syndicate Ownership
22.5.3 National Baseball Trust

(vi) Other Modes and Types of Competition

22.6.1 Interleague Play
22.6.2 Tripleheader
22.6.3 Day-Night Doubleheader
22.6.4 Triangular Doubleheader
22.6.5 Intercollegiate Match
22.6.6 College World Series
22.6.7 Olympics
22.6.8 Old-Timers Games/Senior Professional Baseball Association
22.6.9 Winter Baseball

CHAPTER 23: SPREADING THE WORD

(i) The Writer’s Game

23.1.1 Newspaper Account of a Game
23.1.2 Baseball Poem
23.1.3 Baseball Reporters
23.1.4 Writers’ Association
23.1.5 Interviews
23.1.6 Baseball Guide
23.1.7 Baseball Periodical
23.1.8 Hardcover Book
23.1.9 Dictionary of Baseball Jargon
23.1.10 Baseball Novels
23.1.11 Books by Ballplayers
23.1.12 Autobiographies by Ballplayers
23.1.13 Baseball Encyclopedia

(ii) Baseball in Other Media

23.2.1 Photographs
23.2.2 Songs
23.2.3 Records
23.2.4 Symphonies
23.2.5 Operas
23.2.6 Motion Picture

(iii) Broadcasting Refinements

23.3.1 Pre-game Shows
23.3.2 Taboos against Mentioning a No-hitter
23.3.3 Athletes-turned-broadcasters
23.3.4 TV Commercials
23.3.5 Color Television
23.3.6 Instant Replays
23.3.7 Slow Motion Replays
23.3.8 Split Screen
23.3.9 Game of the Week
23.3.10 Satellite Broadcasts

CHAPTER 24: TRAVELING MEN

(i) Getting from Game to Game

24.1.1 Tour
24.1.2 Eating on the Run
24.1.3 Trains
24.1.4 Team Buses
24.1.5 Automobiles
24.1.6 Airplanes
24.1.7 Cross-country Trips
24.1.8 International Travel
24.1.9 Accidents
24.1.10 Beat Reporters
24.1.11 Broadcasters
24.1.12 Driven to Mound

(ii) Spring Training

24.2.1 Preliminary Workouts
24.2.2 Southern Tours
24.2.3 Training Camps
24.2.4 Spring Training in Florida and Arizona
24.2.5 Spas
24.2.6 Steam Boxes
24.2.7 Permanent Spring Training Homes
24.2.8 Pitchers and Catchers First

CHAPTER 25: AS AMERICAN AS APPLE PIE

(i) Wrapping the Game in the Flag

25.1.1 Flags
25.1.2 National Anthem
25.1.3 Patriotic Club Names
25.1.4 President Throwing Out the First Ball
25.1.5 President to Attend a Major League Game

(ii) Talking the Talk

25.2.1 National Association of Base Ball Players
25.2.2 National League
25.2.3 We Are the World

CHAPTER 26: MISCELLANEOUS

(i) Keeping Up Appearances

26.1.1 Beards and Moustaches
26.1.2 Glasses
26.1.3 Eye Black

(ii) Rituals

26.2.1 Married/Single
26.2.2 Fraternizing
26.2.3 Pregame Warmups
26.2.4 Weddings at Home Plate
26.2.5 High Fives

(iii) Customs, Traditions and Taboos

26.3.1 Nostalgia for the Good Old Days
26.3.2 Reports that Baseball Was Dead
26.3.3 Custom that the Club that Leads on July 4 Will Win the Pennant
26.3.4 Sunday Baseball
26.3.5 Sunday Ballparks
26.3.6 Numbering System for Scoring
26.3.7 K for Strikeout

(iv) Legends and Shrines

26.4.1 Tinker to Evers to Chance
26.4.2 Casey at the Bat
26.4.3 John Anderson Play
26.4.4 Norman Rockwell Painting
26.4.5 Called Shot
26.4.6 Hall of Fame
26.4.7 The Doubleday Myth
26.4.8 Washington Monument

(v) Injuries and Deaths

26.5.1 X-rays
26.5.2 Knee Surgery
26.5.3 Tommy John Surgery
26.5.4 Ice on Pitching Arm
26.5.5 Death Resulting from a Professional Game
26.5.6 Player to Die of Lou Gehrig’s Disease

(vi) Hodgepodge 

26.6.1 Instant Rules
26.6.2 Twins
26.6.3 Teams of Nine Brothers
26.6.4 Father-Son Major Leaguers
26.6.5 Baseball-Playing Couple
26.6.6 Postponed Due to Sun
26.6.7 All Nine Positions
26.6.8 Athletes Referring to Themselves in the Third Person
26.6.9 Extra-Inning Games